Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Page 4 | 27 Bead The anchoring part of the tire which is shaped to fit the rim/wheel; made of high tensile steel wires wrapped and reinforced by the plies. Belt A reinforced cord layer located circumferentially around the tire and under the tread. Belt Plies Belt plies are two or more strong layers of cord just under the tread area of the tire. The primary function of belt plies is to provide strength and stability to the tire tread. They play a role in improving tire mileage, impact resistance, and traction. Steel is the most common cord material used in belt plies. Beneficial Reuse Turning would be waste into a valuable commodity. Facilities are reusing byproducts or waste materials in their own operations or sending them elsewhere for reuse or substitute raw material. (e.g., approved material used at a landfill for purposes other than cover). Bias Belted Tire A tire with a bias ply carcass and stiff reinforcing belts extending from shoulder-to-shoulder usually at about a 25-degree angle. There are very few bias belted tires produced at this time. However, there are some Off-the-Road tires (OTRs) that have cord or steel stabilizing belts attached to the bias ply cords under the tread. Bias Ply Tire A tire with cords running at an acute angle to the circumferential center line of the tire (usually about 36-degree angle). Bonding The joining of two materials by use of adhesives or vulcanization. Brand Number A number branded into one or both sidewalls of a tire for identification purposes. Buffer A machine used to rasp the old tread from the casing. A powered rotary rasp provides a clean, even surface for adhesion of the new tread rubber. A buffer produces buffings. Buffings Removal of the previously vulcanized rubber surface. Rubber buffings are derived from grinding the outer layer of truck tires in preparation of receiving new tread. These grindings are vacuumed through a special process and sold as a value-added product in the manufacturing of molded rubber products (e.g., tiles, roofing, pour-in-place playgrounds, running tracks, walkways, pathways, mats).
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